NUST Institutions Library Catalogue

Nanoscale materials are utilized as diagnostic instruments or to administer therapeutic substances
to specific targeted regions in a controlled manner in the fields of nanomedicine and nano drug
carriers, which are still relatively young but are quickly evolving. Nanoparticles can potentially
deliver medications more accurately because they are currently made from biocompatible
materials. The treatment of advanced liver disease has benefited greatly from nanomedicine in
previous decades. Nano-based drug delivery systems improve the effectiveness of medications.
Today, advanced liver disease is being treated with liposomal nanoparticles. Nano-based drug
delivery systems increase the efficacy of both new and existing treatments through a detailed
investigation of nanoparticle manufacturing and utilization.
One of the most often used anticancer medications is doxorubicin. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a
medication that is frequently used to treat HCC. Doxorubicin is a medicine that belongs to the
anthracyclines class and is commonly used to treat different types of cancers, including lymphomas,
leukemias, breast, ovary, thyroid, and lungs.
Doxorubicin interacts with nitrogen - containing bases of DNA and prevents the production of
macromolecules. This, in turn, prevents the action of the enzyme topoisomerase II (Top II), which
inhibits the replication process. Consequently, malignant cells are prevented from proliferating.
According to early research, doxorubicin's cardiotoxicity is reduced when it is encapsulated inside
liposomes.
Due to its cardiotoxicity, the "thin film hydration approach" was utilized to create doxorubicinencapsulated liposome nanoparticles, which were then used to treat advanced liver disease. The
liposome nanoparticles were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to boost their stability and
provide a stealth effect. Pegylation improves steric repulsion and is therefore regarded as a superior
stabilizer for various kinds of nanoparticles. PEG adopts the drug's erosion-controlled release
mechanism, which led to continuous release. It is noted that a significant technique to treat NAFLD
is to encapsulate the doxorubicin drug within liposomes and modify these liposome nanoparticles
via PEG.