NUST Institutions Library Catalogue

Endocrine disorders have severe consequences for reproductive health and, overall, the
woman’s condition. The role of this research is to establish the level of hormonal
imbalance resulting in reproductive and other diseases among women in south Punjab,
Pakistan. Thus, the present study has adopted a cross-sectional, observational research
design in choosing 430 females from Bahawalpur Victoria hospital. Serum samples were
also taken from females and hormonal assays performed on the collected samples in
endocrine lab. The collected data were analyzed statistically to compare hormonal levels
with health status of the women. The findings of the study were that the common
symptoms were fatigue, cravings for food, and the high level of obesity among the
participants. Hormonal level was correlated with amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, type 2
diabetes, and insomnia at the considerable level. Serum levels of CA- 125 and AFP
were also raised significantly with ovarian cancer. Some other common manifestations
were psychological, such as depression, anxiety, increased, and insomnia. Also, the most
frequent reproductive symptoms identified were pain and swelling of the breasts, benign
breast diseases, and night sweating. The survey work showed high prevalence of hair loss
and hirsutism to above the norms, therefore pointing at dermatological consequences of
hormonal disturbances. Another group of marriage-related problems that were also
identified were fertility problems which were also common affecting a large percentage
of the population. No significant associations were found between hormonal levels and
certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease and liver disease. The hormonal testing
showed dysregulation in FSH and LH and estrogen and progesterone and thyroid
hormones. Women of south Punjab are undergoing hormonal imbalance, which includes
reproductive health problems and other health related concerns. Focused education on
symptoms, early checkups, and encompassing medical approaches are useful in reducing
effects of hormonal fluctuations in this group of ladies.