The art and science of ultrawideband antennas
Ultrawideband antennas
Hans Schantz.
- Second edition.
- xxi, 563 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.
- Artech House antennas and propagation library .
- Artech House antennas and propagation library. .
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Machine generated contents note: 1.1.Antennas and Elephants -- 1.2.Three Centuries of UWB Antennas -- 1.3.What Is an Antenna? -- 1.3.1.Antennas as Transducers -- 1.3.2.Antennas as Transformers -- 1.3.3.Antennas as Radiators -- 1.3.4.Antennas as Energy Converters -- 1.4.UWB Antennas -- 1.4.1.A Taxonomy of UWB Antennas -- 1.4.2.UWB Device and Systems Considerations -- 1.5.Conclusion -- Endnotes -- 2.1.Nineteenth-Century UWB Antennas -- 2.1.1.Heinrich Hertz -- 2.1.2.Narrowband in Conception, UWB in Practice -- 2.1.3.Jagadis Chandra Bose -- 2.1.4.Oliver Lodge -- 2.1.5.Guglielmo Marconi -- 2.2.Twentieth-Century UWB Antennas -- 2.2.1.Rediscovery of the Biconical Antenna -- 2.2.2.Bulbous UWB Elements -- 2.2.3.Rediscovery of the Horn Antenna -- 2.2.4.Toward More Manufacturable Designs -- 2.2.5.Frequency-Independent Antennas -- 2.2.6.Origins of Ultrawideband Radio Technology -- 2.3.Twenty-First-Century UWB Antennas -- 2.3.1.Planar Monopole Antennas -- 2.3.2.Planar Dipole Antennas -- 2.3.3.Magnetic Antennas -- 2.3.4.Frequency-Notched UWB Antennas -- 2.3.5.Other Recent Advances -- 2.3.6.Progress in UWB Commercialization -- 2.4.UWB Antennas: What's Ahead? -- 2.5.Conclusions -- Problems -- Endnotes -- 3.1.Bandwidth -- 3.1.1.Calculating Bandwidth -- 3.1.2.Determining Antenna Bandwidth -- 3.1.3.Radiated Bandwidth -- 3.2.Dispersion -- 3.2.1.Example of a Dispersive Antenna -- 3.2.2.Example of a Nondispersive Antenna -- 3.2.3.Angular Dependence of Dispersion -- 3.3.Where Energy Goes -- 3.3.1.Antenna Pattern -- 3.3.2.Antenna Directivity, Gain, and Bandwidth -- 3.4.Pattern, Gain, and UWB Antennas -- 3.4.1.Reciprocity and UWB Antennas -- 3.4.2.Constant Gain Antennas -- 3.4.3.Constant Aperture Antennas -- 3.4.4.Other UWB Antennas -- 3.4.5.Gain and Aperture -- 3.5.Polarization -- 3.6.Antenna Matching -- 3.7.Antennas as Transducers -- Problems -- Endnotes -- 4.1.Introduction to Antenna Impedance -- 4.1.1.UWB Versus Narrowband Antenna Impedance -- 4.1.2.Controlling Antenna Impedance -- 4.2.Transmission Lines -- 4.2.1.Early Developments -- 4.2.2.Twin-Lead Transmission Line -- 4.2.3.Coaxial Transmission Line -- 4.2.4.Parallel Plane Transmission Line -- 4.2.5.Microstrip Line -- 4.3.Transition from Feed Line to Free Space -- 4.3.1.Twin-Lead Transition -- 4.3.2.Coaxial Transitions -- 4.3.3.Planar Transmission Line Transitions -- 4.4.Impedance Transformation and Matching -- 4.4.1.The Terminated, Lossless Line -- 4.4.2.Time-Domain Reflectometry -- 4.4.3.Harmonic Signals -- 4.4.4.The Smith Chart and Matching Networks -- 4.4.5.Broadband Matching -- 4.5.Coupling Balanced and Unbalanced Lines -- 4.5.1.Chokes -- 4.5.2.Balun Transformers -- 4.5.3.Compatibility -- 4.6.Antennas as Transformers -- Problems -- Endnotes -- 5.1.Time Domain and Frequency Domain -- 5.1.1.Impulses and Sine Waves -- 5.1.2.Basic Principles of the Frequency and Time Domain -- 5.1.3.Time-Domain Signals -- 5.1.4.Time Domain Versus Frequency Domain -- 5.2.Maxwell's Equations -- 5.2.1.Generalized Coordinates and Retardation -- 5.2.2.Electromagnetic Waves -- 5.2.3.Jefimenko Form of the Biot-Savart and Coulomb Laws -- 5.2.4.Right-Hand Rule for Radiation -- 5.2.5.Time-Domain Representation of Plane Waves -- 5.3.Linear Antennas -- 5.3.1.Linear Antenna Behavior -- 5.3.2.Examples -- 5.3.3.Summary -- 5.4.Dipole Fields -- 5.4.1.Electric Dipole Fields -- 5.4.2.Magnetic Dipole Fields -- 5.4.3.Harmonic Dipole Fields -- 5.4.4.Exponentially Decaying Dipole Fields -- 5.5.Basic Antenna Physics -- 5.5.1.Antenna Differentiation -- 5.5.2.The Radiation Field Approximation -- 5.5.3.Radiation of a DC Signal? -- 5.5.4.Field Lines -- 5.6.Antennas as Radiators -- Problems -- Endnotes -- 6.1.Motivation -- 6.1.1.Models and Reality -- 6.1.2.Is Radiation "Kinky"? -- 6.1.3.The Maxwellian Perspective -- 6.2.Localization and Flow of Electromagnetic Energy -- 6.2.1.Localizing Electromagnetic Energy -- 6.2.2.The Flow of Electromagnetic Energy -- 6.2.3.Puzzles and Paradoxes of Electromagnetic Energy Flow -- 6.2.4.Electromagnetic Velocity -- 6.2.5.Causal Surfaces -- 6.3.Electromagnetic Energy in Simple Problems -- 6.3.1.Energy in Superposition -- 6.3.2.Energy in Standing Waves -- 6.4.Dipole Field Energy -- 6.4.1.Exponentially Decaying Dipoles -- 6.4.2.Damped Harmonic Dipoles -- 6.4.3.Harmonic Dipoles -- 6.4.4.Time-Domain Excitations -- 6.5.Optimal Element Design -- 6.5.1.Fatter Is Better -- 6.5.2.Optimal Dipole Shape -- 6.5.3.Optimal Loop Shape -- 6.6.Fundamental Limits on Antenna Size -- 6.6.1.The Chu-Harrington Limit -- 6.6.2.The McLean Derivation of Small Antenna Q -- 6.6.3.Is There a Q in UWB? -- 6.6.4.Q-Based Antenna Limits in UWB Practice -- 6.6.5.Energy-Flow-Based Limits to Antenna Performance -- 6.7.Antennas as Energy Converters -- Problems -- Endnotes -- 7.1.Frequency-Independent Antennas -- 7.1.1.Basic Principles of Frequency-Independent Antennas -- 7.1.2.Spiral Antennas -- 7.1.3.Log-Periodic Antennas -- 7.1.4.Fractal and Bent Wire Antennas -- 7.2.Small-Element Electric Antennas -- 7.2.1.Conical Antennas -- 7.2.2.Planar Conical Antennas -- 7.2.3.Bulbous Antennas -- 7.2.4.Planar Bulbous Antennas -- 7.2.5.Other Planar Monopole UWB Antennas -- 7.2.6.Physical Behavior of Planar UWB Antennas -- 7.2.7.General Principles of Small-Element Design -- 7.2.8.Summary of Small-Element Electric Antennas -- 7.3.Small-Element Magnetic Antennas -- 7.3.1.Complementarity -- 7.3.2.UWB Slot Antennas -- 7.3.3.Large Current Radiator Antennas -- 7.3.4.Monoloop Antennas -- 7.3.5.Loop Antennas -- 7.3.6.Summary of Small-Element Magnetic Antennas -- 7.4.Electrically Small Antennas -- 7.4.1.Antenna Scaling -- 7.4.2.Dielectric Loading -- 7.4.3.Conducting Enclosure Antennas -- 7.4.4.Electric-Magnetic Antenna -- 7.4.5.Summary of Electrically-Small antennas -- 7.5.Directional Electrically Small Antennas -- 7.5.1.The Beverage Loop -- 7.5.2.Ewes, Flags, and K9AYs -- 7.5.3.Multipole Synthesis -- 7.5.4.Performance of Multipole Designs -- 7.5.5.Experimental Results -- 7.6.Horn Antennas -- 7.6.1.Conical Plate Horn Antenna -- 7.6.2.Termination of Horn Antennas -- 7.6.3.Planar Horn Antennas -- 7.6.4.Other Horn Antennas -- 7.6.5.Summary of Horn Antennas -- 7.7.Reflector Antennas -- 7.7.1.Planar Reflector -- 7.7.2.Corner Reflectors -- 7.7.3.Parabolic Cylinder Reflectors -- 7.7.4.Impulse Radiating Antennas -- 7.7.5.Summary of Reflector Antennas -- 7.8.Summary -- Problems -- Endnotes -- 8.1.Antenna Spectral Control -- 8.1.1.Antenna Scaling -- 8.1.2.Antenna Filtering -- 8.1.3.Antennas and Spectral Control -- 8.2.Antenna Efficiency -- 8.2.1.Efficiency Theory -- 8.2.2.Efficiency Measurement -- 8.3.Antenna Directivity -- 8.3.1.Omni Versus Directional -- 8.3.2.Amplitude Comparison Direction Finding -- 8.3.3.Small-Aperture UWB Direction Finding -- 8.3.4.Applications -- 8.3.5.Conclusion -- 8.4.UWB Antennas in Systems -- 8.5.Summary and Conclusions -- Problems -- Endnotes.