TY  - BOOK
AU  -  Usama, Muhammad
AU  - Supervisor : Dr Muhammad Sajid
TI  - Forecasting Groundwater Consumption for an Urban Environment Using Machine Learning Techniques
U1  - 629.8 
PY  - 2023///.
CY  - Islamabad : 
PB  - SMME- NUST
KW  - MS Robotics and Intelligent Machine Engineering
N2  - Poor water management systems in major cities can be addressed by water consumption
forecasting using multiple factors e.g., climatic data, population count, and water requirement. In
this study, a primary dataset is obtained including water consumption of a 3 sq. kilometres urban
site in Pakistan over the course of 7 years along with environmental variables like temperature,
precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and population. The results indicate that time-series
modelling is the best approach for forecasting problems that include environmental variables like
temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, population, and water consumption. Three
distinct machine learning models, namely artificial neural network, Long Short-Term Memory
(LSTM) models, and transformers, were rigorously evaluated. In terms of accurately forecasting
urban water demand and supply, the proposed architectural framework of transformer models
outperformed the other models, according to the evaluation results. The LSTM model has an R2
score of 0.31 for predicting monthly water consumption, whereas the transformer performed
exceptionally well with an R2 score of 0.98. For further substantiation, annual water
consumption forecasts are made for the transformer whose R2 score was 0.917. The proposed
model has been successfully employed to forecast water consumption in all four seasons
indicating that it is impactful for sustainable water resource management in an urban
environment
UR  - http://10.250.8.41:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/36417
ER  -