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Acute myeloid leukemia is an aggressive type of leukemia with a high mortality rate.It involves the
anomalous proliferation and differentiation of the hematopoietic cells. The biological and clinical
disparity of this disorder makes treatment complex and emphasizes the need to explore novel
therapeutic drug delivery systems. These carriers must exhibit less toxicity and more efficacy than the
conventional chemotherapeutic drugs presently available against leukemia. In this study, the anticancer potential of Ciprofloxacin, which is a potent antibiotic as a free drug and as a liposomal
nanoparticle, was investigated in benzene-induced leukemic rat model. The result of free
ciprofloxacin and nanoparticles of ciprofloxacin was compared to free doxorubicin and nanoparticlesbased doxorubicin respectively as doxorubicin is well known anti-leukemia drug and is considered a
positive control in this study. The liposomes are prepared by thin film hydration method and are
pegylated to improve cell internalization of drug. Characterization of nanoparticles was done by
SEM, UV, Zeta potential and FTIR analysis. The biological activity of doxorubicin, ciprofloxacin
and nanoparticles of ciprofloxacin and doxorubicin was tested by different cytotoxicity and
antioxidant assays. The free drug and nanoparticles were then administered by intravenous route to
benzene induced leukemic rat model, to investigate its anti- leukemic potential. For this purpose,
different parameters were analyzed including hematological profiles, morphology of blood cells,
hepatic & renal enzyme activity in samples obtained from the experimental groups. It was observed
in biological assays that free drugs have higher cytotoxicity as compared to nanoparticles of drugs. It
was observed in rat model that ciprofloxacin has remarkable recovery of cellular indicators as
compared to leukemic conditions. The result of liposomal ciprofloxacin is as significant as that of
doxorubicin liposomes. The blood cell counts of Ciprofloxacin-treated leukemic rats improved, as did
hepatic and renal biomarker levels. whereas additional research is required to assess the efficacy of
ciprofloxacin liposomal chemotherapy against leukemia.